Tyranny starts with a government made up of just one branch – able to make, enforce, and interpret laws without question. This is why the United States Constitution established a system of checks and balances.
Three separate branches of government – the Legislative, Executive, and Judicial branches – a system which forces cooperation, prevents abuse, and upholds democracy by sharing power between the three branches.
Legislative Branch
Article I of the U.S. Constitution creates the Legislative Branch, called Congress, which is made up of the House of Representatives and the Senate. Its main job is to make laws.
How the Legislative Branch Checks the Executive Branch
- Congress can override a presidential veto with a two-thirds vote.
- Controls government spending and the federal budget.
- Has the power to impeach and remove the President from office.
- The Senate must approve treaties and presidential appointments.
How the Legislative Branch Checks the Judicial Branch
- Approves the President’s choices for judges.
- Can propose constitutional amendments to change or overturn court decisions.
- Has the power to create lower courts.
Executive Branch
Article II of the U.S. Constitution creates the Executive Branch and explains the powers and responsibilities of the President. The main job of the Executive Branch is to enforce and carry out the laws made by Congress.
How the Executive Branch Checks the Legislative Branch
- The President can veto bills passed by Congress.
- Can call special sessions of Congress.
- Can issue executive orders to put policies into action.
How the Executive Branch Checks the Judicial Branch
- The President nominates Supreme Court and federal judges.
- Has the power to grant pardons and reduce sentences.
Judicial Branch
Article III of the U.S. Constitution creates the Judicial Branch, which is responsible for interpreting laws and making sure they follow the Constitution.
How the Judicial Branch Checks the Legislative Branch
- Can declare laws unconstitutional.
- Interprets laws, which affects how they are applied.
How the Judicial Branch Checks the Executive Branch
- Can review executive actions to ensure they follow the law.
- Has the power to rule executive orders unconstitutional.
